Last month we were fortunate to take our sons to visit Glacier National Park in Montana. It was a great opportunity, especially in light of the fact that Glacier National Park’s glaciers are melting and will be gone in our lifetime! Last month, the United States Geological Survey (“USGS”) released data showing that the park’s 37 glaciers have melted an average of 40% since 1966. USGS’s research ecologist, Daniel Fagre warns that at this rate, they will be gone within our lifetime and notes that in order for the glaciers to survive, the area must experience significant cooling.

If the park loses its glaciers, significant changes will impact not only the environment, but also wildlife. The stream water volume, change in water temperature and timing of run-off will have direct impacts on the park’s aquatic wildlife. Glacier National Park’s glaciers are estimated to be 7,000 years old, however, it appears the same changes to our environment that threaten our water sources in times of drought are also taking away our precious National Monuments. Plan a visit to see these glaciers before they are gone!

Are you interested in learning more about successful conservation tactics? The National Water Resources Association (“NWRA”) is hosting a free seminar! The seminar will take place on August 7, 2017 at the Genoveva Community Chavez Center in Santa Fe New Mexico, following the NWRA Western Water Seminar. The Water Conservation Ideas Sharing Forum will host various agencies throughout the West, who will share their successes and setbacks in implementing their various water conservation programs. And the best part is, the Water Conservation Ideas seminar is free regardless of attendance to the Western Water Seminar! For more information on attending this seminar to gain valuable knowledge of conservation ideas, please see http://www.nwra.org/2017-municipal-caucus-meeting.html.

The Nevada Farm Bureau has adopted new and revised policies, which are available in their 2017 Policy Book. The policy positions were approved by farmer/rancher voting delegates at the general session of the 2016 Nevada Farm Bureau Annual Meeting. One important new policy adopted by the Nevada Farm Bureau relates to supporting groundwater management plans for critical management areas.

The Nevada Farm Bureau recognized that under state law, local citizens have an opportunity to propose groundwater management plans in order to bring allocated water rights of use back into balance with actual available water resources. The State Engineer has identified one water basin, Diamond Valley, as a Critical Management Area. This basin is open to Groundwater Management Plans, that can be proposed by local citizens. In the new policy, the Nevada Farm Bureau provides an outline of criteria a management plan must meet in order to obtain support of the Farm Bureau. Some key points, among others, stipulate that the proposed plan must be developed at the local level, must recognize priority of senior water right users, and must restrict the water covered by the plan from leaving the basin.

The Farm Bureau’s goal with the new policy concerning groundwater management plans is to address and provide guidance to possible changes in state water law that may come up in the next legislative session. The Farm Bureau believes this new policy will positively impact farming and ranching industries by protecting its most important resource.

The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (“NDEP”) has been evaluating nonpoint source water pollution, occurring when rain, snowmelt and irrigated water flowing over developed land carries contaminants into Nevada waterways. Accordingly, NDEP implemented a Nonpoint Source Grant Program to provide funding to qualifying state, regional and county agencies, as well as conservation districts and nonprofit agencies. These programs aim to improve water quality, educate the public about nonpoint source pollution and to implement watershed improvement plans.

The NDEP reviewed requests for proposals (“RFP”) during 2016 and has selected 12 projects to award grant funding. The proposed plans will aim to reduce pollution impact from nonpoint sources. The funds originate from a US Environmental Protection Agency grant awarded by the Clean Water Act. Additional grant funding is expected to be awarded through a 2017 RFP process during 2017.

If you would like to learn more about the Grant Program, or to see a list of the projects that have been awarded grants for the 2016 year, please visit http://ndep.nv.gov/bwqp/file/319h_rfp/2016PojectsFunded.pdf.

Washoe County is hosting a public forum to discuss the Public Lands Bill on Wednesday, November 2, 2016 from 4:30 pm – 7:00 pm at the Reno Sparks Convention Center. A few of the main priorities of the bill include:

• Make certain federal lands available for future economic development opportunities
• Expand recreational opportunities to include parks, trails, and open space
• Create opportunities for local jurisdictions to acquire federal lands
• Create new wilderness areas and provide funding for habitat restoration and conservation

Please see the following maps of the proposed areas surrounding the greater Reno-Sparks area to be transferred out of federal ownership:

Map 1: https://www.washoecounty.us/csd/files/Files/Land_Bill_8-16_Disp_Boundary.pdf
Map 2: https://www.washoecounty.us/csd/files/Files/Land_Bill_8-16_Transfer_Req.pdf

For more information relating to the maps of the proposed areas: https://www.washoecounty.us/csd/planning_and_development/conservation-act.php

If you are interested in participating in or attending the public forum, please see the information below:

For more information relating to the Public Lands Bill or the Public Forum, please contact the following Washoe County representative:
Scott Oxarart
soxarart@washoecounty.us
775-328-2068

Original news release: https://www.washoecounty.us/outreach/2016/10/2016-10-26-public-lands-bill.php

Due to recent crackdowns by the State Engineer in Nevada regarding both forfeitures and cancellations of groundwater rights not in full use, it is important to keep records of your water use.  One method to show use is by recording your meter readings.  This is important both for permitted wells and certificated wells respectively, to provide evidence to support a Proof of Beneficial Use as well as evidence of continued use.^[1]

Many groundwater permits/certificates require monthly, quarterly, or annual reporting to the Nevada Division of Water Resources.  If your use so requires recording and reporting, make sure you meet your specified deadlines to file your meter reading reports.  If your wells are not metered, please be sure to verify whether you are required to maintain a meter.  We predict that nearly all wells in Nevada will eventually require metering.

Schroeder Law Offices provides a routine monthly meter reading reminder email as a service to our clients.  If you are a client of ours and wish to receive a monthly meter reading reminder, please request to be added to the “Well Meter Reminder” list by emailing request to counsel@water-law.com.

^[1] Attorney Therese Ure assisted in the drafting of the legal issues discussed in this blog.

World Water Week 2016 is currently underway in Stockholm, Sweden, an annual event hosted by the Stockholm International Water Institute (“SIWI”).  World Water Week is the annual focal point for global water issues, consisting of more than 140 events covering a range of subjects.  The main theme of the 2016 event is “Water for Sustainable Growth,” a follow-up to the previous year’s topics regarding Sustainable Development Goals (“SDGs”) as adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.  The SDGs, as established by the United Nations at World Water Day in March 2016, focus on water and jobs as one of the keys to future water issues: “making a contribution to better the lives of millions of people by maintaining and creating meaningful jobs related to water and wastewater development, service provision, protection and management.”

Experts attending the event address the value of water and a shared sustainability on a global scale.  Water and climate experts alike call for a Green Water Initiative, using the Water Revolution in Africa as an example.  Large parts of the world are struggling to adapt to a drier reality, but challenges are especially dire in Africa’s drylands.  Developmental options such as rainwater harvesting and other “greenwater” management methods are being suggested to combat the scarcity of water and help to build water resilience for food security and human well-being.

As organizations such as SIWI gather to address and make suggestions regarding water resilience, local concerns echo global concerns.  Water shortages in the State of Nevada raise concern among residents and domestic well owners; more than 20 percent of water basins are over-appropriated – there is more water appropriated on paper than sources to supply it.  Nevada’s Legislative Subcommittee to Study Water, whom held their most recent meeting on August 26, 2016 (details found here), has issued water-conscious statements recommending that local land-use decisions be tied to sustainable water supplies and that water management recognize the connection between surface and groundwater sources.

SIWI’s World Water Week is one of many global events organized with the goal of generating knowledge and power regarding water issues, hosting a number of decision-makers and water professionals in discussions about climate change, energy, sanitation, food, conflict resolution, water management and more.  A few of World Water Week’s highlighted topics (i.e. rainwater harvesting) can be found at http://www.worldwaterweek.org/programme/#since-1991, with resources available in the program archive.

The Oregon Water Resources Commission’s (OWRC’s) rulemaking for the Greater Harney Valley Groundwater Area of Concern (Area of Concern) became effective on April 15, 2016. The new regulations limit pending and new applications for groundwater use in the Malheur Basin. Citing concern over lowering groundwater levels in the region, OWRC passed the new regulations to limit new water development until the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) can adequately study the basin’s groundwater. This regulation is a component of the Malheur Basin Program. The drafts, maps, and rules are available at: http://www.oregon.gov/owrd/Pages/law/Department_Rulemaking.aspx.

Over a year ago, OWRD stopped issuing new ground water permits within the Area of Concern. Until the most recent rulemaking, however, no rules were in place allowing OWRD to halt permit processing and issuance. Usually, OWRC will create by rule Critical Groundwater Areas, Groundwater Limited Areas, and Serious Water Management Problem Areas prior to OWRD ceasing to issue new permits.

OWRC can designate Critical Groundwater Areas for multiple reasons, including declining groundwater levels, substantial interference between wells, overdraft of groundwater, or water quality degradation. OWRD must indicate the boundaries of the area and review the designation at least every 10 years. The designation allows OWRD to, for example, close the area to any further appropriation, limit the total withdrawal from the aquifer, and refuse applications for new groundwater permits.

Groundwater Limited Areas limit future appropriations of water to specified uses, but do not restrict existing consumption of water within the area. Serious Water Management Problem Areas allow OWRD to collect usage data from current water use right holders, but not restrict water consumption. These tools are used to collect information and guide future development of water resources in Oregon.

Rather than designating a critical or limited groundwater area, or a serious water management problem area, OWRD addressed the Harney Valley Groundwater Area of Concern by amending the Malheur Basin Program. Basin programs are used by OWRC to guide water right permitting decisions and coordinate with other state agencies. Within basin plans, OWRC may classify the highest and best uses for particular basins and waterways for future uses, including proscribing types of uses available to future applicants.  Oregon’s basin programs are listed in the Oregon Administrative Rules Chapter 690, beginning at Division 500, and the Malheur Basin Program is located at Division 510, available at: http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/pages/rules/oars_600/oar_690/690_510.html.

The new regulations for the Greater Harney Valley Groundwater Area of Concern propose to both limit future uses and collect information before OWRD completes a full study of the aquifer, expected to be completed by 2020. The proposed rules received 22 comments, which can be viewed at: http://apps.wrd.state.or.us/apps/misc/vault/vault.aspx?Type=WrdNotice&notice_item_id=6640. In the meantime, 39 groundwater use applications are pending before OWRD, and these applications will not be approved, unless they meet conditions included in the new basin plan regulations. This is in direct opposition to the rule that applications must be processed based on the laws and regulations in effect at the time of filing, but OWRD is taking the position that groundwater is not available for the applications, rather than a regulatory change affected the outcome of the applications (this is not a new approach from OWRD).

The “area of concern” is, in effect, a moratorium on new groundwater development in the region. The new regulations create restrictions on new applications reminiscent of critical groundwater areas, but within the basin program scheme.   The moratorium will put a halt to development in the region, at least while OWRD studies the groundwater in the area. Locals familiar with groundwater in the Malheur Basin are resentful of OWRD’s blanket moratorium when certain areas within the basin do not appear to show the same level of strain as others, and continue to produce great quantities of groundwater.

Make sure to stay tuned to Schroeder Law Offices’ Water Blog for more news that may affect you!

This article was drafted with the assistance of Law Clerk Jakob Wiley, a concurrent student at Oregon State University’s Water Resources Policy and Management graduate program and a law student at the University of Oregon School of Law.

On May 9, 2016, Governor Jerry Brown of California signed an executive order making certain water conservation measures permanent. The measure is meant to build on temporary emergency water restriction in place since last year. Brown’s office reports that “between June 2015 and March 2016, Californians reduced water use by 23.9 percent compared with the same months in 2013 – saving enough water to provide 6.5 million Californians with water for one year.”

The executive order primarily implements long term planning solutions for local drought and directs the California State Water Resources Control Board to develop further emergency provisions should the drought continue. This new action is summarized in the Governor’s plan to “Make Conservation a California Way of Life.”

More specifically, the plan requires additional monthly reporting by urban water suppliers, requiring information on use, conservation, and enforcement. The provisions further claim to eliminate water waste, prohibiting hosing off sidewalks, driveways, at home washing of autos using hoses not equipped with nozzles, and watering lawns in manner that causes runoff.  The Water Board will also work to minimize system leaks responsible for wasting more than 700,000 acre-feet of water per year. While already strictly regulated, agriculture use is also heavily considered, updating the requirements for Agricultural Management Plans allowing irrigation districts to quantify customers’ use and appropriately plan for shortages.

While water restrictions and regulations are becoming more permanent, Californians will continue to face heavier scrutiny. It is ultimately the user who will face the increased burden, however, the hope is that the systems themselves will promote efficiency, providing a better use of water across all systems and types of use.

For more information on the executive order and its full text, please visit https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19408.

On September 18, 2015, the Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) and United States Forest Service (“USFS”) issued Records of Decision (“RODs”) related to land management in support of sage grouse populations on lands managed by the agencies. The RODs put land use plans in place in lieu of listing sage grouse under the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”). The land use plans are extremely long and complicated, and are summarized in the article Sage Grouse Conservation without an Endangered Species Act Listing: Digging into the National Greater Sage Grouse Planning Strategy Records of Decision, available at: http://www.water-law.com/water-rights-articles/sage-grouse-conservation/.

In general, producers are skeptical that existing activities will not be affected by the new land use plans, as the agencies promise, and are worried about increased fire risks due to the plans. Further, the plans may prove more restrictive than an ESA listing. Parties in Idaho and Nevada have filed lawsuits to challenge the amended land use management plans. See: http://www.gov.idaho.gov/mediacenter/press/pr2015/2%20Feb/pr_61.html, and http://ag.nv.gov/News/PR/2015/Attorney_General_Laxalt_Issues_Statement_Confirming_the_Support_of_Nevada_Counties_in_Sage-Grouse_Lawsuit/.

Law suits involving sage grouse have not halted in the shadow of these new, comprehensive land use plans. On March 29, 2016, Western Watersheds Project (“WWP”) filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada against the BLM for approving fences within the Argenta Allotment in Nevada, claiming the approval violated the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”) and the Administrative Procedures Act (“APA”) and that alternatives to fencing existed that BLM should have considered. WWP also alleges that the BLM sage grouse use plan required BLM to consider certain alternatives. To view a copy of WWP’s complaint, visit: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1T2j7JW1SeoWV9FbVh2SW1wdEU/view. WWP’s law suit comes on top of other attacks against grazing in the Argenta Allotment that are currently being litigated.

Be sure to stay tuned to Schroeder Law Offices’ Water Law Blog for more news that could affect you!