The Carson Water Subconservancy District has launched their second video in their, I am Carson River Watershed Campaign series, titled “Water Connects Us All” click the link below to watch:

http://iamcarsonriver.org/

For those of us in northern Nevada, the Carson River plays an important part in our communities by supporting our watershed’s environment, economy, and quality of life.  Regardless of where we live, we can all do our part in our daily lives to protect the watersheds around us. 

Here are some easy ways to help your community today:

• Recycle motor oil
• Using, storing, and disposing of chemical oils
• Inspecting and maintaining septic systems
• Cleaning up after pets
• Keep fertilizers, paint products, etc. out of the water supply

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By Therese Ure and Lisa Mae Gage

In case you missed it, on May 13, 2020, Schroeder Law Offices presented a very informative webinar regarding water right adjudications. (To view the full webinar, please visit https://www.water-law.com/webinars/water-right-adjudication/). During this webinar, attorneys Laura Schroeder and Therese Ure provided attendees with valuable information concerning water codes in Oregon and Nevada, the post code adjudication process, types of evidence considered in determining a pre-code vested right and general components of decrees.

One major take away from this webinar is the Sunset Date for Nevada vested claims. Pursuant to Nevada Senate Bill 270 that was enacted in 2017, Nevada now has a “Sunset Deadline” of December 31, 2027 by which all vested claims must be filed with Nevada Division of Water Resources (“NDWR”). While this deadline merely directs the date on which the Proof of Appropriation must be filed with NDWR, it is recommended that consideration be paid to researching the supporting historical information required to “Prove Up” the vested claim once the source is ripe for adjudication. For more tips on researching historical water use, please go to http://www.water-law.com/water-rights-articles/nevada-water-rights/.

Schroeder Law Offices has been providing weekly webinars for an array of water related issues during the COVID 19 pandemic. To review any previous webinars, or to sign up for any future webinars, please visit https://www.water-law.com/webinars/.

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April 22, 2020 is the 50^th anniversary of the first Earth Day, a global holiday that unites citizens of the Earth to take better care of our planet.

Earth Day was initially proposed by Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson as a way to bring awareness to ongoing ecological issues and concerns. It took place on April 22, 1970 with a series of “teach-ins” on college campuses across America. It then gained national attention and momentum. The first Earth Day inspired the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It also lead to the passage of the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts along with numerous other environmental laws and regulations.

The next Earth Day did not take place until April 22, 1990. Numerous corporations and celebrities endorsed the holiday, and over 200 million people worldwide came together to celebrate. Now Earth Day is an annual event observed around the world. It continues to inspire rallies, cleanup projects, and volunteer efforts. It also provides an opportunity to bring awareness to ongoing and ever-evolving environmental issues like climate change, pollution, and deforestation.

Earth Day is often celebrated outdoors in large groups. Community members gather to perform services such as picking up litter or planting trees. Many others participate in marches or protests about ways we can minimize our impact on the planet and improve global environmental health. However, given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and need for social distancing, Earth Day 2020 is a little different. The majority of events are taking place online rather than outside. Still, there are plenty of ways to celebrate. 

While outdoor community gatherings are largely cancelled this year, countless digital resources and events are taking place to make the 50^th anniversary memorable and impactful. Earth Day’s official website has an interactive map with links to events happening virtually all around the United States and the globe. This means you can participate in events in your community, on the other side of the country, or anywhere on the planet!

Of course, April 22^nd isn’t the only day to celebrate the Earth. The National Ocean Service has a list of 10 simple things you can do every day to protect and improve our planet in the short- and long-term. These steps are also laid out in their handy infographic below.

At Schroeder Law Offices, we try to celebrate Earth Day every day. To learn more about what we do and about all things water, check out our Schroeder Law Offices blog!

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Since 1991, the Stockholm International Water Institute (“SIWI”) has organized and hosted World Water Week. This annual event is designed to bring awareness to water issues and developments around the world. This year, World Water Week takes place at the Tele2 Arena in Johanneshov, Sweden from August 25 through August 30.

Throughout the week, seminars and events will be hosted by individuals and organizations from every corner of the globe. The theme for 2019 is “Water for Society- Including All.” Topics include climate change and sustainability, sanitation and health, equal representation in water-related industries, the impact of modern technology on water consumption and monitoring, and the evolving use of water in farming and industrial practices, among others. These events provide opportunities for discussion of ongoing water issues between industry leaders and students alike.

World Water Week also provides an opportunity to honor achievements in conservation, preservation of resources, and water management. The Stockholm Water Prize and the Stockholm Junior Water Prize are awarded annually to major contributors and innovators in the water world. Anyone who has made “extraordinary water-related achievements” is eligible for nomination, and past winners have hailed from Denver, Colorado to Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and everywhere in between.

Of course, not everyone can make it to Sweden. However, there are still plenty of ways to celebrate World Water Week! SIWI’s website has a wealth of information about global water issues, including blog posts, news articles, and information on areas SIWA considers priorities in terms of water conservation and development. There are also organizations around the United States similarly dedicated to encouraging knowledge of and involvement in water issues on a local level. A list of organizations participating in World Water Week can be found here.

World Water Week provides a great opportunity to promote awareness of water usage and conservation around the world. Still, water issues persist year-round. Stay tuned to Schroeder Law Offices’ blog for water law and water new updates all year long!

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According to the University of Nevada, Sheep are resilient in harsh weather conditions and are capable of covering great distances while grazing. Nevada in particular provides an ideal opportunity with vast public lands and low start-up costs for building a herd. In fact, several early sheepherders accepted payment in sheep allowing them to build their own herd while they worked.

The industry, like all others, has overcome rises and falls. Overgrazing, scarcity of water, and conflicts between ranchers and graziers arose. Further, nomadic sheepherding could be a painfully lonesome lifestyle, moving to new grounds each day, and only seeing a camp tender maybe once a week or perhaps only a few times a month in the winter.

While the industry may have changed over the years, sheep herding continues to flourish in the western United States! This photo depicts shipping day in Ridgecrest, California!

For more information on sheepherding, please check out the multimedia exhibit created by University of Nevada at http://knowledgecenter.unr.edu/sheepherders/default.aspx.

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As most of us are aware, Earth Day has become a global occurrence for which communities host events throughout the week of the holiday. This year, Earth Day fell on Monday, April 22, and communities around the world hosted festivities such as community clean-ups, tree-plantings, and educational events that focused on climate literacy and bringing awareness to climate science for the purpose of encouraging individuals to participate in the preservation of our communities.

Though celebrated annually, Schroeder Law Offices’ (“SLO”) mission includes providing services to those that feed our communities and we consider environmental preservation on a day-to-day basis. SLO works daily with clients such as municipal water users and districts, corporations, and both individual and family farmers to maximize production and efficiency of water use. As we like to say, we do EVERYTHING water!

For ideas on how you can take action for making every day an Earth Day, visit the Earth Day Network’s website for ideas and to learn about “A Billion Acts of Green,” the campaign to reach 3 billion acts of green for the Earth Day holiday’s 50th anniversary in 2020.

Research indicates that planting additional trees may have huge benefits in generating rainfall, thus, consider spending time outside this spring and plant a tree with the goal of bringing freshwater to your community!

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On April 16, 2019, Schroeder Law Office will once again participate in the annual Healthy Parks Healthy People 5K. The event is put together by Truckee Meadows Parks Foundation and Washoe County and aims to raise awareness and appreciation for parks throughout Reno and Sparks.

Schroeder Law Offices supports a healthy lifestyle for its employees and encourages us to “get out and get moving.” The Reno Office of Schroeder Law Offices enjoyed this event last year as it was a time to connect as a team, be outside, breathe the fresh air, and enjoy the spring season!

If you would like to join Schroeder Law Office at the 3rd Annual Healthy Parks Healthy People 5k or learn more about Truckee Meadows Park Foundation, please visit https://www.tmparksfoundation.org/.

By: Therese Ure and Lisa Mae Gage

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When most of us think about the changing seasons, we think about the change in weather. When we think about the transition to Summer, we think about the days getting warmer. When we think about the transition to Winter, we think about the days getting colder. There is much more to changing seasons than changes in weather.

According to Merriam-Webster, the definition of a season is “a period of the year characterized by or associated with a particular activity or phenomenon.” Examples of this definition include a period associated with activities of agriculture such as growth or harvesting, irrigation seasons, periods when animals engage in certain activities like migration, birth of offspring, and moving from high “summer” country to low “winter” country. In life, one can characterize the seasons with the circle of life with birth or renewal in the spring and death, hibernation and sleep in the winter. There are so many ways we can perceive these natural changes each year.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration points out that seasonal changes in turn affect soil moisture, evaporation rates, river flows and lake levels. The subsequent changes in vegetation also affect the amount and kinds of crops and food available for humans, animals and other organisms.

The effects of seasonal changes also present potential risks. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) provides warnings of risks presented in the seasonal change to Spring. FEMA notes that while Spring typically brings warmer weather and longer days, it also brings risk associated with heavy rains, severe weather and rapid snowmelt that can lead to flooding and/or damage to levees and dams. For more information concerning risks and protection from spring flooding, please visit FEMA’s “What You Should Know” at https://www.ready.gov/sites/default/files/Spring_Flood_Fact_Sheet.pdf.

So, as the seasons change and we swap out our wardrobe for the changing temperature, lets remember a change in season is so much more than just a change in weather.

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The 20th annual National Groundwater Awareness Week will occur between March 10 – March 16, 2019, and this year’s theme for awareness is “Think.” Though a simple theme, through “Think,” the National Groundwater Association (“NGWA”) urges us to “think” about how we impact our groundwater resources in our everyday lives.

For National Groundwater Awareness Week 2019, NGWA encourages us to consider small steps taken to improve the general public’s awareness of groundwater use and its importance in our every day lives, i.e. “Think” about not running the water while you brush your teeth, or, “Think” about fixing the leaking faucet. Sometimes it’s the smallest things that makes the biggest differences!

Taking steps to conserve and protect groundwater is of utmost importance to all as we depend upon groundwater for basic needs. According to NGWA research, approximately 132 million American rely on groundwater for drinking water. Besides drinking water, groundwater consists of a major resource in food and power production, including irrigation, livestock, manufacturing, mining, thermoelectric power, and many other resources. NGWA offers the following facts for consideration:

• Americans use 79.6 billion gallons of groundwater each day.
• Groundwater makes up 20 to 30 times more water than all U.S. lakes, streams, and rivers combined.
• 44 percent of the U.S. population depends on groundwater for its drinking water supply.
• More than 13.2 million households have their own well, representing 34 million people.

“Think” about that!

As a part of 2019’s Groundwater Awareness Week, NGWA will be participating in the Water Resources Congressional Summit to bring federal support for groundwater awareness. Topics for the summit will focus on bringing federal support for detection and remediation regarding PFAS contamination, increasing efforts to promote groundwater recharge, and bolstering support for drinking water infrastructure improvement. More information and educational tools on the 2019 summit topics can be found at the NGWA’s online database.

“Think” about what you might do to bring groundwater awareness to your friends and family!

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            Are aquifers public or private property? The question is more complicated than it first appears! To answer the question, one must dive down into the fundamental origins of our legal system, fraught with complicated Latin phrases, just like the dangers of the deep itself!

            Aquifers are scientifically defined as a “body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit groundwater.”[1] However, the word, in its common use, refers to the groundwater, not the permeable rock that actually makes up the aquifer. Traditionally, rocks, soil, and dirt are considered private property under the ad coelum doctrine, making them private property owned by the overlying landowner.[2] Ownership under this doctrine reaches from the atmosphere above to the center of the Earth, shaped like vertical column. However, water is traditionally seen as commonly owned by the public, available for private use under the ferae naturae doctrine. Under this doctrine, water is commonly owned, like wild animals, but can be captured and privately used, like by hunting and capturing it. The various water doctrines, including prior appropriation, the rule of capture, and riparianism, all derive from a negotiation between these two doctrines.

            The law continues to navigate the paradox of aquifer ownership: Is the aquifer the water or the rocks holding it? At least one court is now facing this challenge. The California case Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians v. Desert Water Agency, et al places this question at the heart of the litigation.[3] The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians (“Tribe”) filed a suit to protect the aquifer underlying their reservation from groundwater use that threatened to cause subsidence, contamination degrading water quality, and aquifer recharge activities that filled storage space with foreign water. As part of the Tribe’s claim, they assert that the Tribe owns pore spaces (storage) within the aquifer that are being permanently destroyed by subsidence. The Tribe argues under property principles that the pore spaces are a part of the reservation under principles of the ad coelum doctrine. The opposing parties argue that the pore spaces are publicly owned, and the Tribe cannot claim injury to something they never owned or, in the opposing argument, “captured” under the ferae naturae doctrine. While the trial is still ongoing, the court will eventually have to face the core question: Are aquifer pore spaces public or private property?

            While the debate over ancient Latin phrases, injury, and rocks may seem like an uninteresting legal squabble, the results of the case could have real ramifications for many groundwater issues! For example, could an artificial recharge project seeking to replenish depleted aquifers actually be trespassing, if aquifers are privately owned? Or, if publicly owned, can a neighbor to the recharge project whose land is inundated with water have shaky ground to make a claim, since they do not own the pore spaces? Courts will likely have to wrestle with these questions for many years to come.

Stay tuned to Schroeder Law Offices’ Water Law Blog for more news that may affect you!

[1] Oxford Online Dictionary,https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/aquifer

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuius_est_solum,_eius_est_usque_ad_coelum_et_ad_inferos

[3] The case is presently before the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Docket No. ED CV 13-00883-JGB-SPX. The complaint was filed on May 14, 2013.

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We all know that pumpkins make great fall decorations and are an icon of this Halloween holiday, however they also provide many more less known benefits. According to the Old Farmer’s Almanac, all parts of pumpkins are edible except the stem and if kept in a cool, dry space, will keep for up to 6 months or more! Pumpkins are a good source of fiber, vitamin C, several of the Vitamin B complexes, potassium and carotenoids that play a role in cancer prevention, controlling blood-sugar levels and boosts the immune system.

Adding pumpkins into crop rotations help farmers. Their presence helps soil maintain a nutrient balance, reduces weed problems and decreases the likelihood of disease spores, eggs and pests. According to Texas A&M Horticulture, planting pumpkins directly after harvesting sweet corn helps to decay a coarse crop refuse that is resistant to many other crops. And planting pumpkins directly after grass crops results in fewer diseases to the pumpkins. Pumpkins are also unique in that they can tolerate soils with low pH levels as well as extremely acidic soils.

Pumpkins are also somewhat tolerant of dry soil conditions and in certain locations farmers can rely solely on rainfall. When rainfall is inadequate, irrigation is essential especially during the pollination and fruit set periods. Many farmers have found that using a drip system to water their pumpkin crop saves time and money by using less water than flood irrigation or center pivot sprinklers.

Pumpkins have both male and female flowers and pollen transfer is a necessary event. Historically many farmers relied on native bees to transfer the pollen, however, due to a decline of bee population in certain areas, some farmers have resorted to renting bee hives for the first few weeks of flowering. Weeds, insects and diseases are a constant battle for pumpkin farmers as well. Farmers are in constant flux of fighting off pests and diseases while maintaining the integrity of the environment necessary for other activities such as bee pollination.

Pumpkins are beneficial in so many other ways than their decorative purposes. The next time you see a pumpkin, remember all of their unique qualities and ways they benefit the farming industry.

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On July 31, 2018, Bloomberg released an interactive series of maps demonstrating the breakdown of land use in the United States. The article, which can be found here, provides an in-depth look at the ways in which we utilize the nearly 2 billion acres of land in the contiguous United States.

The United States is a huge country, ranking third in the world in both land mass and population. However, the vast majority remains uninhabited. Only around 70 million cumulative acres are considered “urban” land. Another 50 million-or-so acres qualify as “rural residential” land. So, what do we do with the remaining 94%? First and foremost, we farm.

Between pasture, rangeland, and cropland, over half of America’s total acreage is used for agriculture. As shown in the Bloomberg maps, if all the grazing land in the United States were laid out side-by-side, it would cover nearly all of the western states. Additionally, over 391 million acres throughout the country are used for growing commercial and consumable crops.

It is unsurprising, then, that the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) estimates that over 80% of water in the US is used for agricultural purposes. When the proportion of agricultural land is compared to the proportion of agricultural water, the ratio makes sense.

The Bloomberg maps offer a fascinating breakdown of the way our country as a whole makes use of its space and, by extension, its water. Stay tuned to Schroeder Law Offices’ blog for more water use facts!

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On April 21, 2018, Schroeder Law Offices showed its support for a local Student Stewards Summer Camp by participating in the 2nd Annual Healthy Parks Healthy People 5K Fun Run/Walk.

The proceeds from the Fun Run/Walk are being used to allow students to attend the 2018 Student Stewards Summer Camp where kids will learn about, and participate in, programs relating to the environment such as “Fish out of Water,” “Mighty Pollinators,” and “Rolling Stones.”

Schroeder Law Offices is an avid supporter of the wise use of our natural resources and activities that connect human and environmental health. As we enter Spring and the weather is warming up it is the perfect excuse to get outside and get active. Stay tuned for Schroeder Law Office’s next race!

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On Saturday, April 21, 2018, members of Schroeder Law Offices’ Portland office attended the Oregon Women for Agriculture’s 31^st annual auction and dinner, at the Linn County Fair and Expo Center. This year’s theme was “Good Things are Growing.” Schroeder Law partnered with Country Side Nursery and Fairdale Nursery to donate a large Japanese maple and pot to the organization’s auction. Benefits and proceeds from the auction go to Oregon State University’s Ag Honors Scholarships, Crop identification signs, and the Oregon Agriculture in the Classroom Foundation.

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One of the greatest luxuries we are afforded in the Pacific Northwest is the abundance of natural areas to explore. Oregon’s landscape provides us with easy access to mountains, rivers, lakes, forests, and, of course, the Oregon Coast. Unfortunately, as anyone who has spent time in these regions can attest, where people go, debris follows. Some of the litter is left intentionally, like cigarette butts ground into the sand or food wrappers thrown out of the window of a moving car. Some accidentally works its way out of pockets or backpacks and gets left behind on the trail. Either way, we can all agree that nothing breaks the tranquility of time spent in the great outdoors than seeing a soda bottle or old receipt laying on the ground.

Another great thing about the Northwest, though, is that we care enough to do something about it. Organizations across the state work to bring people together to clean up their communities and public lands to ensure that everyone is able to fully enjoy them. One of the major statewide organizations is SOLVE. Since 1969, SOLVE has organized volunteers from all over the state of Oregon to remove litter and invasive species from natural spaces through a variety of events hosted throughout the year.

Last Saturday, March 24, 2018, SOLVE held its annual beach cleanup and, according to its website, removed over 15,000 pounds of garbage up and down the Oregon coast. Schroeder Law Offices’ paralegal, Rachelq Harman participated in Manzanita, Oregon, where an impressive turnout of locals and out-of-towners alike gathered to clean up the beach.

 Participating in the beach cleanup and seeing how much trash lingers even when a concerted effort is being put in has inspired Rachelq to seek out more opportunities to help clean up and maintain our beautiful state. While you certainly don’t need a group or event to get out and do some good, SOLVE keeps a list of upcoming opportunities posted on its website that anyone can take part in, though some do require preregistration.

April is Earth Month, and one of SOLVE’s biggest events, SOLVE IT for Earth Day, is coming up on April 21, 2018. Events will be held throughout western Oregon and southwest Washington. For details about specific meetups, you can check out the list here.

Stay tuned to Schroeder Law Offices’ Water Law Blog for more news and events!

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Apparently there are several theories of how and why we started changing our clocks for daylight saving. Many people think it originated to allow children to help their families with farm work before having to go to school for the day. Another popular theory is that it was suggested by Benjamin Franklin in 1784 when he wrote a letter to the Journal of Paris advocating that if people woke up with the sun it would result in saving energy and resources in the need for candles.

According to National Geographic and David Prerau, author of Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time, the idea of the modern concept of daylight saving was actually derived from George Hudson, an entomologist from New Zealand. In 1895 Mr. Hudson proposed a 2 hour time shift with the intention of having more sunlight after his day job to go bug hunting in the summer months.

The British Broadcasting Corporation attributes the modern day concept of daylight saving to British builder William Willett. Mr. Willett was horseback riding on a summer morning in 1905 and noticed how many curtains were drawn against the sunlight. His solution was to move the clocks forward before summer began. In 1907, Mr. Willett published a pamphlet called “Waste of Daylight” suggesting clocks be turned forward by 4 weekly twenty minute increments in April and reversing the same way in September. British politicians in favor of Willett’s suggestion proposed a Daylight Saving Bill, however it was defeated in 1909.

Author Prerau explains that the idea actually caught on during World War I when the German government started looking for ways to conserve energy. Because coal power was so predominant at that time, daylight saving really did result in saving energy. Germany adopted the system and soon after the United States, as well as nearly every other country fighting in the war began using the time change.

Although Benjamin Franklin may have identified the need for and the benefits of adjusting clocks, it appears we can thank George Hudson and William Willett for our modern day concept of daylight saving.

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Groundwater is one of the world’s most essential natural resources! According to the United States Geological Survey department (“USGS”) groundwater makes up approximately 1/3 of the public drinking water supply delivered though our county and municipal systems. For rural populations not connected to county or city delivery systems, groundwater makes up about 90% of their drinking water. USGS also reports that groundwater provides over 50 billion gallons per day for agricultural use in the United States. Groundwater pumping has been steadily increasing. In some basins groundwater is being extracted at a faster rate than the basin can recharge. As we are seeing in many states, this excessive pumping can lead to wells drying up, water level decline in hydraulically connected streams and lakes, reduction in water quality, increased costs associated with pumping, and subsidence issues crossed by the loss of water supporting our ground and soils.

The National Groundwater Association (“NGWA”) encourages everyone to participate in National Groundwater Awareness Week. According to NGWA, this year’s theme is “Test. Tend. Treat” to encourage a more holistic approach to groundwater conservation. NGWA is encouraging others to share their stories during this week on social media using the hashtag #GWAW2018. If you are looking for other ways to get involved and promote ground water awareness, the USGS and other water organization have provided some ideas (http://groundwaterawarenessweek.com/). During 2018 National Groundwater Awareness Week, let’s evaluate our own water use and identify ways we can help protect this valuable resource!

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Do you need funding for a water related study or water use project? The Oregon Water Resources Department’s Development Program is part of Oregon’s 2017 Integrated Water Resources Strategy. The program helps individuals and communities address instream and out-of-stream water needs now and into the future by providing funding opportunities for planning and investing in water use projects. The program is now accepting applications for two funding opportunities: Water Project Grants and Loans and Feasibility Study Grants.

Water Project Grants and Loans are available for instream and out of stream water supply projects that result in economic, environmental, and social/cultural benefits. Loan application materials can be found here, and are due by 5PM on April 25, 2018.

Feasibility Study Grants provide funding to help evaluate the feasibility of a proposed conservation, reuse, or storage project. A grant can provide up to 50% of the total costs of the study, but no more than $500,000 per project. Application materials can be found here, and are due by 5PM on October 17, 2018. 

For more information regarding these funding opportunities please visit the Water Resources Department page.

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Last month we were fortunate to take our sons to visit Glacier National Park in Montana. It was a great opportunity, especially in light of the fact that Glacier National Park’s glaciers are melting and will be gone in our lifetime! Last month, the United States Geological Survey (“USGS”) released data showing that the park’s 37 glaciers have melted an average of 40% since 1966. USGS’s research ecologist, Daniel Fagre warns that at this rate, they will be gone within our lifetime and notes that in order for the glaciers to survive, the area must experience significant cooling.

If the park loses its glaciers, significant changes will impact not only the environment, but also wildlife. The stream water volume, change in water temperature and timing of run-off will have direct impacts on the park’s aquatic wildlife. Glacier National Park’s glaciers are estimated to be 7,000 years old, however, it appears the same changes to our environment that threaten our water sources in times of drought are also taking away our precious National Monuments. Plan a visit to see these glaciers before they are gone!

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Are you interested in learning more about successful conservation tactics? The National Water Resources Association (“NWRA”) is hosting a free seminar! The seminar will take place on August 7, 2017 at the Genoveva Community Chavez Center in Santa Fe New Mexico, following the NWRA Western Water Seminar. The Water Conservation Ideas Sharing Forum will host various agencies throughout the West, who will share their successes and setbacks in implementing their various water conservation programs. And the best part is, the Water Conservation Ideas seminar is free regardless of attendance to the Western Water Seminar! For more information on attending this seminar to gain valuable knowledge of conservation ideas, please see http://www.nwra.org/2017-municipal-caucus-meeting.html.

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